She received a Lasker Award for demonstrating basic features of the DNA-damage response mechanism, which defends organisms against radiation and other threats.
She co-founded the National Breast Cancer Coalition and sought to eradicate the disease, which remains the second deadliest cancer for women in the U.S.
In 1943 he became “Case 1,” the first child formally diagnosed with autism. Backed by his family and community, he worked at a bank and traveled the world.
A former dean of Yale’s medical school, he oversaw pharmaceutical research and defended abortion rights. He also chronicled his struggle with bipolar disorder.
Buried under the skin of the abdomen, the heart device he co-invented monitors irregular heartbeats and can deliver a jolt to shock the heart back to a normal rhythm.